Artikel Conditional IF

Link     : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/04/28/ciputra-eyes-20-percent-growth-if-ltv-regulation-eased.html

Conditional IF :

1.      if the government decides to ease the loan-to-value (LTV) regulation.

2.      if the government loosened the LTV regulation and reverted it to what it was previously.

3.      if it was larger than 70 square meters.

Conditional IF

Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

Conditional sentence type	Usage	If clause verb tense	Main clause verb tense
Zero	General truths	Simple present	Simple present
Type 1	A possible condition and its probable result	Simple present	Simple future
Type 2	A hypothetical condition and its probable result	Simple past	Present conditional or Present continuous conditional
Type 3	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past	Past perfect	Perfect conditional
Mixed type	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the present	Past perfect	Present contditional

THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple present	simple present
If this thing happens	that thing happens.
If you heat ice	it melts.
If it rains	the grass gets wet.

Read more about how to use the zero conditional.

TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple present	simple future
If this thing happens	that thing will happen.
If you don't hurry	you will miss the train.
If it rains today	you will get wet.

Read more about how to use the type 1 conditional.

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + simple past	present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened	that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will happen) OR that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier	you would not be so tired.
If it rained	you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian	I would be working in Italy.

Read more about how to use the type 2 conditional with the present conditional and how to use the present continuous conditional in type 2 conditional sentence.

TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + past perfect	perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) OR that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder	you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained	you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion	I would have been working in Milan.

Read more about how to use the type 3 conditional with the perfect conditional tense, and how to use the perfect continuous conditional in type 3 conditional sentences.

MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL

The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

If clause	Main clause
If + past perfect or simple past	present conditional or perfect conditional
If this thing had happened	that thing would happen. (but this thing didn't happen so that thing isn't happening)
If I had worked harder at school	I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map	we wouldn't be lost.
If you weren't afraid of spiders	you would have picked it up and put it outside.

 Sumber            :           http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/conditional/

Artikel Passive Voice

http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/04/14/in-bantul-taking-out-trash-bigger-harvests.html

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

y farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

passive voice :
by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,
by clearing irrigation channels so water

by half and threatening productivity.

by making sure of the proper flow of irrigation water

by residents in a waste dump [TPA],”

by clearing irrigation channels so water can reach the paddy fields.
- See more at: http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/04/14/in-bantul-taking-out-trash-bigger-harvests.html#sthash.LRF676tB.dpuf

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

by farmers in Bantul, Yogyakarta,

DEFINISI TOEFL DAN TOEIC

Nama  : Ria Murniati Wulandari
NPM   : 26212245
Kelas   : 3EB03

Pengertian TOEFL (Test Of English as Foreign Language)

TOEFL merupakan Proficiency test, yaitu test yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bahasa Inggris seseorang tanpa dikaitkan langsung dengan proses belajar mengajar. TOEFL mencakup empat aspek yaitu Listening Comprehension,Structure and written expression, Reading comprehension dan test off Written English (TWE).

TOEFL merupakan sebuah test bahasa Inggris yang sengaja dibuat untuk mengukur sejauh mana penguasaan bahasa Inggris untuk orang-orang yang bahasa aslinya bukan bahasa Inggris. Tes ini dikembangkan dan diselenggarakan oleh ETS (Educational Testing Service), badan ini merupakan seebuah lembaga nirlaba yang berkedudukan di Amerika Serikat.

TOEFL merupakan salah satu model test yang menguji kemampuan dan kompetensi seseorang dalam bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian TOEIC (Test Of English for International Communication)

TOEIC merupakan test bahasa Inggris untuk komunikasi internasional. TOEIC digunakan untuk mengukur kecakapan bahasa Inggris orang-orang yang bukan native speaker atau yang bahasa ibunya bukan bahasa Inggris.

TOEIC merupakan tes bahasa Inggris paling banyak digunakan untuk bahasa Inggris profesional (yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan). TOEIC mengukur kemampuan listening dan reading. TOEIC menguji kemampuan bahasa Inggris dalam latar bisnis bukan akademis.

TOEIC pertama kali dikembangkan oleh ETS (Educational Testing Services) pada 1979 dan digunakan untuk mengukur kecakapan berbahasa Inggris bagi orang-orang yang tidak menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa ibunya. Tes ini mengukur kecakapan berbahasa Inggris yang digunakan dalam dunia kerja secara umum. Artinya, TOEIC tidak menuntut kemampuan khusus atau kosakata selain yang sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari.

Kesimpulan :

TOEFL merupakan suatu test untuk mengukur kemampuan seseorang dalam berbahasa Inggris yang bahasa aslinya bukan bahasa Inggris.

TOEIC merupakan suatu test untuk dunia kerja dengan mengukur kemampuan listening dan reading seseorang yang berlatar belakang bisnis.

Sumber :

Willian Gregory.2015.Active Cheat For Perfect TOEFL 677.Tangerang : Lembar Pustaka Indonesia

Fitri Rahmawaty.2015.Complete Essay for TOEFL 677.Tangerang Selatan : Sealova Media

Auni Azri Chaniago S.Pd.2015.How To Prepare TOEFL.Tangerang : Lembar Pustaka Indonesia

Mulyati,Emirfan T.2015.Supertrik Rebut Skor Tingkat Tinggi TOEIC.Yogyakarta : Trans Idea Publishing

Ahmad Fanani.S.S.,M.Pd.2014.LOLOS CEPAT TOEFL & TOEIC.Yogyakarta : Literindo

Rahmasari,Gartika S.S,M.Hum,& kurnia,Iis N,S.S,M.Hum.2013.Smart Way to The TOEIC.Jakarta : Dunia Cerdas